Resilience and pain catastrophizing among patients with total knee arthroplasty: a cohort study to examine psychological constructs as predictors of post-operative outcomes

Table 3 Regression models—unadjusted and adjusted associations between baseline resilience and function, physical health, and mental health at 3 months postoperative

Baseline resilience	Unadjusted		Adjusted for baseline pain catastrophizing		Adjusted for baseline pain catastrophizing and covariates
Baseline resilience	β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value	β (95% CI)	p value
3-Month knee function	0.31 (0.11–0.50)	0.002	− 0.19 (− 0.02 to 0.40)	0.074	0.24^a (0.04–0.44)	0.019
3-Month physical health	0.40 (0.21–0.58)	< 0.001	0.23 (0.04–0.42)	0.018	0.24^b (0.05–0.42)	0.013
3-Month mental health	0.51 (0.33–0.68)	< 0.001	0.43 (0.24–0.62)	< 0.001	0.04^c (− 0.18 to 0.25)	0.738

Models adjusted for preoperative covariates based on p < 0.15 in univariable analyses:
^aBaseline KOOS IS, pain rating, race, education level, employment status, BMI, and arthritis etiology. Adjusted R-squared = 0.25
^bBaseline PROMIS PH, pain rating, age, race, education level, employment status, procedure type, BMI, history of contralateral TKA, diabetes, hypertension, and low back pain. Adjusted R-squared = 0.40
^cBaseline PROMIS MH, pain rating, age, education level, primary insurance, procedure type, history of depression, anxiety, cardiovascular disease, and of low back pain. Adjusted R-squared = 0.49

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