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Subgroup
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EQ-5D disutility score
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OR (95% CI, P)
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P for interaction
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Age
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0.033
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40–49 (n = 1394)
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1.57 (1.17–2.11, 0.003)
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50–59 (n = 1950)
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1.08 (0.87–1.34, 0.499)
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60–69 (n = 2184)
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1.02 (0.82–1.28, 0.858)
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≥ 70 (n = 1732)
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1.00 (0.84–1.19, 0.989)
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Sex
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0.815
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Male (n = 4066)
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1.10 (0.94–1.28, 0.248)
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Female (n = 3194)
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1.06 (0.90–1.24, 0.489)
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Marital status
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Married (n = 5948)
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1.02 (0.89–1.16, 0.805)
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– (Reference)
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Separated (n = 736)
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1.30 (1.02–1.66, 0.032)
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0.067
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Divorced (n = 391)
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1.08 (0.72–1.61, 0.712)
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0.908
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Unmarried (n = 185)
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1.98 (1.05–3.73, 0.036)
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0.006
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Income
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0.856
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Low (n = 1635)
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1.06 (0.87–1.29, 0.572)
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Intermediate (n = 3683)
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1.02 (0.86–1.21, 0.797)
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High (n = 1942)
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1.08 (0.86–1.35, 0.492)
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Education
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0.936
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Elementary (n = 2012)
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1.06 (0.89–1.26, 0.506)
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Middle/high school (n = 3423)
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1.14 (0.97–1.34, 0.110)
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College (n = 1825)
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0.95 (0.69–1.32, 0.771)
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Smoking status
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0.541
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Non-smoker (n = 3803)
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1.03 (0.90–1.18, 0.665)
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Past smoker (n = 2157)
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1.14 (0.90–1.44, 0.276)
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Current smoker (n = 1300)
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1.11 (0.85–1.45, 0.426)
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Severe stress
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0.972
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No (n = 5834)
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1.08 (0.95–1.23, 0.248)
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Yes (n = 1426
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1.05 (0.84–1.30, 0.681)
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FEV1/FVC
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0.660
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≥ 0.7 (n = 5068)
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1.10 (0.96–1.26, 0.180)
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< 0.7 (n = 2192)
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1.03 (0.86–1.25, 0.729)
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- ORs and 95% CI were analyzed using multivariable Poisson regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, BMI, marital status, income, education, smoking status, regular walking, regular muscle exercise, severe stress, depressive disorder, FVC, HTN, DM, and cancer. The variable used to divide subgroups was excluded from the analysis
- TB, tuberculosis; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus
